Chemotherapy is designed to destroy cancer cells and prevent the metastases of cancer to other vital parts of the body. The various chemotherapies available can create complications in various parts of the human body, as well as the skin, which protects the body against external aggressions, as it is also renewed regularly, therefore spending a lot of energy to accomplish this. Chemotherapy dries the skin and as this happens, the skin works more intensively. The challenge however is for the body to only work hard for what is related to the treatment of cancer. Therefore, external hydration is an important means of resolving dryness. Thus, you need to moisturize your skin at least twice a day. This is important for another reason as well. Dry skin can cause itching, which leads to scratching and that could potentially create wounds, which in turn may cause infections.
 
During the additional cancer therapies, you may notice a color change in some areas of the skin, like the formation of brown spots. Do not worry about them or try to eliminate them by using bleaching agents. These dark areas return to their original color once the treatment is completed. However, if you notice that you have bruises, get them checked immediately. Maybe it's a sign that your blood platelets are low and that you need medical treatment.
 
In addition, avoid the sun at all costs, as during this period you are particularly sensitive to its harmful consequences. First and foremost, chemotherapy can increase photosensitivity i.e. the skin's sensitivity to sunlight. It is now easier for you to get sun burnt, as well as the chances of developing rashes and inflammation of the skin. A burn can cause lymphedema if you’ve had your lymph nodes removed. Also, sunburn causes the body to make energy to fix the damaged skin in the same way it does for skin dryness.
 
Proper care and hydration of the skin
 
• You can bathe daily but no more than twice a day. Prefer short showers and water at lukewarm temperature.
• Do not use sponges that are hard or other exfoliating objects.
• Prefer cosmetic care products that are labeled for "sensitive skin".
• The ideal soap to use is one that contains olive oil.
• Avoid soaps, shower gels, shampoos and body lotions with perfumes, essential oils, and bath salts.
• If your wounds have not healed completely, avoid wetting them. Cover them with something waterproof and if they get wet, dry them thoroughly and make sure not to leave any moisture.
• Avoid toiletries containing acids and exfoliating granules.
• When you leave the bathroom, do not use a rough towel and do not rub your body. Rubbing removes the upper layer of the skin, making it more susceptible to irritation. Prefer to gently dab the body with a soft towel, leaving it slightly damp and immediately apply your moisturizer.
• Apply moisturizer after taking a shower. If your skin is irritated, you can use Vaseline. Gently apply a thin layer on the skin. After 1-2 minutes, use an old cotton T-shirt to dab and dry the body, and absorb any excess product, while allowing the moisture to penetrate the skin.
• Apply moisturizer each time you wash your hands.
• Make sure that the cosmetic products you use do not contain: alcohol, perfumes, alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, glycolic acid derivatives, various bleaches, sodium lauryl sulfate, retinoic acid or vitamin A derivatives.
• In case of itching, protect your skin from contamination by keeping your nails short and clean. Prefer to rub as opposed to scratching the area that feels itchy.
• Wear comfortable cotton or silk clothing.
• Wash your underwear and clothes with baby detergents to avoid allergies and skin irritations.
 
Sun protection
 
• Always wear sunscreen with a high protection factor (minimum SPF 30) which provides both protection against UVA and UVB rays.
• Do not forget to protect your ears.
• Apply your sunscreen half an hour before sun exposure.
• Do not use the sunscreen you bought last year if it was not kept in ideal conditions. Check the expiration date of the product and the period after opening (PAO) in which the sunscreen maintains its protective properties.
• Do not use products that appear to have been altered on the packaging or subjected to high temperatures, particularly when they are displayed for sale in stores.
• Use a hat for the sun and even an umbrella if necessary.
• If the treatment is done during the summer, then visits to the beach can be very important for your mental health, but make sure that your body is not at all exposed to the sun. Besides the necessary sunscreen that you apply on your face, be sure to wear clothing that covers your limbs as well as a wide-brimmed hat.
• When it comes to time spent on the beach, it is advisable not to exceed 10 to 15 minutes under sunlight.
• In order to enjoy every minute of your outing, aim for the early morning or the afternoon, just before sunset, when the sun is less strong. This is also the most beautiful time to be out and about.
• Avoid sunbathing for at least two months after the end of chemotherapy. It takes 1-2 months to cleanse the body from the effects of chemotherapeutic compounds and to reduce photosensitivity.
• Do not use a tanning lamp or solarium.
 
Skin care after radiation treatment
 
• When washing the area which is subjected to radiation, use warm water and soap for very sensitive skin and gently pat dry.
• Do not shave the area that received radiation until the skin has healed. If you must shave, use an electric shaver instead of a razor.
• Do not use ice packs or heat on the treated area.
• Consult your doctor before using cosmetic products to cover up any color changes that may arise on treated skin, such as redness. Your skin will regain its color once treatment has been completed.

The treatment and the process of chemotherapy can result in dry, dull and pale skin. Beyond proper internal skin hydration through your diet and drinking plenty of water, a good moisturizer can help on an external level with the loss of moisture. From there on, the key words for makeup are "natural" and "healthy". In order to look radiant and healthy, you need to highlight the positives and hide the negatives. It is known that makeup can do wonders and be an effective weapon in the hands of a woman, as it significantly changes the face. Women who see their image change due to the consequences of the disease and treatment that they follow, can take advantage of the secrets of the art of makeup in order to improve their image, to boost their confidence and thus feel better.
 
Your favorite products probably would not be appropriate at this period in time. Use only the very basic products, not cosmetic or anti-aging fruit acids and certainly no scrubs. Prefer soft baby products. Do not neglect to wash your makeup brushes regularly. Shampoos are the best and most gentle cleansers. After washing, allow your brushes to dry completely before storing. There is no need to wash sponges since they are disposable and you can change them frequently.
 
Many of these tips apply to all women, but they are also applied to cancer patients. If you've never dealt with makeup or you don’t have a lot of experience, now is your opportunity to develop new skills for a meticulous and picture-perfect look.
 
Practical advice
 
Concealer
 
Small but miraculous, concealer is essentially a product with ‘covering’ properties that may also be used to highlight facial features. It may be used to cover blemishes, brighten the eyes, erase dark circles and is also used in various makeup tricks. You may use a concealer that is darker by two or three shades from your foundation to highlight the points you want to darken. If you’re using foundation, you should first apply the light base on the entire face and then the darker shade where needed. In contrast, when we use concealer we follow the opposite procedure. For this reason we need to have two different sponges, one for light tones and one for dark ones. Place a small amount of concealer on the areas needed and use your fingertips to spread it across the face and neck.
 
Remember
• On the one hand, the concealer placed under the eyes disguises dark circles and on the other it highlights and emphasizes your look. That is why its tone should be one to two shades lighter than your foundation.
• Concealer in a green shade is better at covering up redness, while a yellow shade concealer works best on blue discolorations.
 
Base
 
The foundation or base is designed to refine the appearance of the skin. Creamy foundation has a thicker composition than liquid foundation which make it a good choice for patients, as it offers average but natural coverage. Their finish is more matte than liquid foundation and that makes the skin look healthy and flawless. Many foundations contain sun filters, but they are usually of a low protection factor. For this, it is recommended that you use a sunscreen underneath the foundation; especially since radiation therapy can make the skin more prone to sunburns. Sunscreens can replace moisturizers so as to avoid skin oiliness.
 
In order to choose the right shade of foundation we recommend you try several products on the neck or chin and check the shade in daylight. Make sure you go for the shade that is closest to your natural skin tone. Place a small amount of foundation on the forehead, cheeks, nose and chin. Spread the product well with your fingertips, a clean sponge or a special brush so that it looks natural and even.
 
Powder
 
Transparent or slightly colored, powder stabilizes the foundation and reduces the appearance of unwanted shine. Bronze powder brings the skin to life as it provides it with a natural glow. The powder is applied with a large round brush. The powder can be applied over the face, neck and décolleté or only the cheeks and temples to add warmth. It is better to apply less of the product initially and if you feel you need a more intense result, then just reapply. To retouch your makeup during the day use pressed powder.
 
Remember
 
• Loose powders have a softer effect and look more natural.
• Compact powders are more intense, especially if placed in locations with deep wrinkles.
 
Rouge
 
Blush adds warmth to pale skin and pulls attention away from tired eyes. The creamy texture flatters dry, dull-looking skin. Peach is a good color choice that is ideal for adding warmth to pale skin. Blush does not have to be intense in order to make a difference. It is designed to give a natural glow and therefore must be blended. This product needs to be placed in the areas of the face that puff up when we smile; starting from the cheekbones where it should be applied in circular movements. Blush powder is best applied with a brush or sponge, while creamy blush can be applied with the fingers or a sponge.
 
 
Eyelashes-Brows
 
One possible side effect of cancer treatment is hair loss, which also includes the eyebrows and eyelashes. Makeup may be used to cover the appearance of hair loss in these areas. The setting or creation of eyebrows is done simply with an eyebrow pencil. If your eyebrows are thin, fill in the gaps with a color that is slightly lighter than your eyebrows. If you’ve completely lost your eyebrows, choose a color that is as close as possible to your natural and draw on your new brows by following the natural arch of the eyebrow and then apply some transparent powder on top. This essentially removes unwanted shine and yields a smoother result. When your eyebrows start to grow again, resist the temptation to pluck them to give them shape. Allow for a line to grow before intervening.
 
False lashes might be a good idea, however, during treatment, the immune system is more vulnerable and thus is more prone to infections that can arise from the adhesive glue for example. Hence, it is best to use eyeliner, which emphasizes the eyes and creates a sense of thicker lashes. It is easier to use than most people believe and it can be applied to both the top and bottom eyelids. Prefer either the pen or pencil liner, as it stays for longer on the skin compared to powder liner. The line does not need to be straight. If you gently "smear" the product it will provide a more natural lash result.
 
Also, to enhance sparse eyelashes apply mascara, which can do miracles. Prior to its application, clean the brush with a tissue to remove any excess product and avoid bumps or uneven distribution of the eyelashes. Start at the base of the lashes and move towards the ends in a zigzag motion across the length of the lashes to separate them and cover them all. The mild upward momentum helps lashes to form a sharperm curve. Apply mascara on the upper and lower eyelids, allowing each layer to dry between applications. Because your lashes are fragile, avoid waterproof mascara as removing it is more difficult and troubling. To remove the product, just hold the cotton with the makeup remover on the lashes without rubbing them.
 
Remember
 
• Apply eyeliner with small, gentle movements to keep your hand steady, while holding the edge of the eye with the index finger of the other hand.
• Apply eye liner as close as possible to the lashes to avoid any gaps.
 
Lips
 
The dry skin of the lips in principle needs a gentle moisturizer and a lip balm. Beyond that, even if you usually wear lipstick, remember that a bright color is ideal as it brightens the face. Warm shades of lipstick attract all the attention on the lips and provide a sultrier look to the face. Use a lip pencil to draw the outer edges of the mouth and then apply on the entire surface of the lips. Apply lipstick over it, taking care not to overpass the outline that you drew out initially. However, if color scares you, try a transparent gloss for shine.

Hair loss is a common, and in most cases reversible, side effect of chemotherapy, especially following the administration of certain drugs and the radiation you receive on your head.
 
Chemotherapy affects all the cells in the body. This means that by destroying the cancer cells, we may also affect normal cells, such as the hair follicles, which produce hairs, therefore resulting in the loss of head hair as well as other parts of the body. Usually the hair loss is temporary. This side effect does not occur in every case. Whether hair will stay as it is, get thinner or fall, depends on the drugs being administered, their combination with other drugs, the dosage and the body's response to them. If, however, there is hair loss, it could either be gradual or sudden. Usually the hair starts falling in strands during your shower or while combing. Some drugs also cause a loss of eyelashes, eyebrows, and the hair on the chest, underarms, arms, legs and pubic area. In rare cases, when particular drugs are used and in considerably large doses, may lead to the alopecia being permanent.
 
Hair loss is observed in the first and the second cycle of chemotherapy. Additionally, you may also experience irritation of the skin of the head. In most cases the hairs begin to regrow two to three weeks after the end of chemotherapy as baby hairs. Then, in the first month the first hairs will begin to show and by the end of the month you may have a full 1.5 centimeters of hair length. Keep in mind that the "new" hair may possibly have a slightly different color, different texture or be curlier or straighter than it was in the past. Unlike chemotherapy, radiation causes hair loss only in the area where it is applied. Unfortunately so far there is no known prevention for hair loss due to chemotherapy.
 
 
Psychological Effects
 
Getting diagnosed with cancer can completely turn your life around. The patient is confronted with a new reality, with the threat of loss and physical weakness. As a physical ailment, it leads to significant and continuous changes of body image. The body becomes a place of expression of symptoms and mental pain. It is the pain brought about by the visible signs of the illness, as the disease is publicly announced.
 
Sometimes the side effects of chemotherapy such as the possibility of hair loss is a more frightening experience than the actual process of chemotherapy, as it makes patients feel exposed, powerless and vulnerable. When a woman experiences the treatment of cancer and already feels scared and fragile, the dramatic changes in her appearance along with all the changes that have taken place in her everyday life, can be overwhelming for her. Hair loss, often accompanied by a loss of eyebrows and eyelashes, can really take a blow to a woman’s femininity.
 
The psychological changes are obvious and significant. The acceptance of the new reality and adaptation to the “new normal” are necessary for maintaining balance and the psychosocial survival of the patient. In collaboration with the physical care provided by the medical team, the psychotherapeutic supportive role is critical and essential. The therapeutic approach focuses on helping the patient to perform all that painful, agonizing and difficult work in relation to losses and adjustments imposed by the disease. Mental support and aid is aimed at helping the person suffering to adapt as best they can to their new body image and self, their new lifestyle and to create new opportunities so as to derive pleasure through the acceptance of the limitations and boundaries imposed by this new reality, with the goal of giving quality and meaning to life.
 
 
Hair care
 
If you’re being administered drugs that cause complete hair loss, then after your first treatment, the scalp will feel soft and sensitive. Once the hair starts to fall, give yourself a couple of days to accept this change in appearance and seek the support of your family and friends that can help. Then visit your salon to shave your head and wear the wig you have selected. This t1actic is much better and less traumatic than slowly losing your hair. In the meantime, be sure to remove all styling and hair products from your bathroom. Place them in a box and store them somewhere until your natural hair begins to grow again and you can start reusing them.
 
• Treat your hair with a mild shampoo, avoid high temperatures with the hair dryer and use a soft comb.
 
• Shampoo with tea tree oil can relieve the itching of the scalp.
 
• Avoid products with ingredients such as salicylic acid, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus, and henna, which can cause irritation.
 
• Postpone hair dyeing.
 
• If you follow a treatment that leads to hair loss, make sure you find the right wig so that it is similar in texture and color to your natural hair.
 
• You can begin by cutting your hair shorter before treatment so that the change is not that drastic.
 
• If you are having radiation applied to your head, consider lengthening your hair to cover the signs of thinning.
• If you lose your hair because of the treatment you are following, you should continue to wash your head. Use a moisturizing shampoo 1-2 times a week to clean and moisturize the scalp. Seeing as you will not have the natural oils of the hair for a while, the head will require extra nurturing.
 
 • If you lose your hair make sure to use sunscreen to protect your scalp from the sun.
 
• Alternatively, you can cover your head with a nice scarf or a turban, especially during the winter to prevent heat loss from the body.
 
Practical advice for your "new" hair
 
A few months after the completion of chemotherapy the 'new' hairs begin to surface. Temporarily their texture may be thinner and they may have a slightly different color, but usually they will return back to their original state. For their proper care, use soft shampoo for frequent use and moisturizer often so as not to allow the scalp to get dry. Limit washing to twice a week. Massage the scalp often to remove dry skin and flakes and avoid brushing if possible. Use a gentle comb with wide, sparse teeth. Avoid high heat when drying, curling or straightening, styling and generally the use of chemical products. Avoid also dyes and other salon products for at least three months after treatment. New hair will initially be much thinner and therefore more vulnerable. You may have to wait up to a year before you can do curls or straighten your hair, but surely this is not the most important factor.
 
 
The wig solution
 
One of the side effects of chemotherapy is the loss of hair. In this case, a preferred solution is to use a wig, which is ideally acquired prior to the start of treatment in order to match the color of the natural hair. There are advantages and disadvantages to each type of wig. With regard to natural wigs, there are different qualities, depending on the place of origin of the human hair. European hairs are high quality and more rare. They are considered the best because of their composition. Some human hair can be coarse in their quality and very tough in texture and for this reason, they may be cheaper. Synthetic hair is made of very thin plastic fibers. The synthetic products can be easily maintained because of their ability to keep the hairstyle after shampooing. They are considered much cheaper as well. The base of the wig is also adjustable. To find the right size, measure the circumference of the head with a tape measure by placing it in the middle of the forehead at the point where the hairs start to grow. Pass the tape around the head, behind one ear, around the neck, behind the other ear and turn back to the starting point.
 
Synthetic hair
 
Synthetic hair is cheaper and requires less maintenance. In general, synthetic wigs retain their shape and color much more than natural wigs and their hairstyle remains almost unchanged. They appear exceptionally natural as each hair contains a vacuum, something that makes it behave exactly like natural hair, both in movement and when styling. The lifespan of a good synthetic wig is about one year, but it could last longer with proper care and attention. Some quality synthetic wigs are better than low-quality natural wigs. Some companies make high quality synthetic wigs upon request, thus fully satisfying customer requirements and providing a result that is very close to that of real hair. They clearly cost more however and require several months to produce.
 
Natural hair
 
Each wig made of human hair is unique, since the hairs used come from many different people and thus have a different thickness and texture. The wigs are made from hairs that have been treated chemically so as to remove the keratin so it can by dyed. The treatment it undergoes provides it with silky softness, so the hair does not tangle easily. It can be dyed and styled easily. If we decide to dye the wig, it’s recommended to use darker tones, as lighter tones damage the hair. The use of a straightening iron is possible but should be done with great care and preferably by experts. Human hair is obviously what appears more natural out of all the options. Wigs of natural hair are more expensive than synthetic ones.
 
Selection and purchase of wig
 
We initially start with research, e.g. via the Internet and by visiting wig stores with a friend or relative. The online wig market may be easier and more impersonal, however it doesn’t enable us to test the wig, which is very important. Take your time, ask questions and solve all your queries before your final choice. It is recommended that the color of the wig is a little lighter than your natural color, as according to patients' testimonies, it "illuminates" the face and "covers" skin changes.
 
 
Proper care of the wig
 
Humidity, pollution and other external factors affect the wig in the same way they do with our natural hair. The washing of the wig should be done every 15 to 18 uses in the winter and every 6-8 uses in the summer season. By keeping it in good condition, you are also lengthening its life span. Ensure that you always follow the manufacturer's instructions or ask the supplier for any further questions.
 
Synthetic wig care
 
Special shampoos and conditioner are recommended for synthetic hairs. Conventional shampoos are very harsh and may "dry" the hairs up. Special products help maintain the shine of the wig for longer, protecting it from damage and fading.
Fill a basin or sink with lukewarm water and pour 1-2 caps of shampoo. Dip the wig and let it soak for 5 minutes. Rub the wig and then rinse with warm water to remove all the shampoo. Refill the basin or sink with lukewarm water and pour 1-2 caps of conditioner. Dip the wig and let it soak for 2 minutes. Then wrap it with a clean towel to absorb as much water as possible. Place it in a basin for wigs and leave it to air dry. Comb only when it is completely dry. Never use a hair dryer on synthetic wigs, unless it is cold air, as the heat from irons and scissors destroy it.
 
Natural wig care
 
Natural wigs are more sensitive than our natural hair is therefore it requires special care to keep it in good condition. The use of conditioner for colored and damaged hair is necessary for its preservation.
 
Fill a basin or sink with lukewarm water and pour about 30ml of shampoo for every liter of water. Dip the wig and let it soak for 5 minutes. If it is very dirty, put the shampoo on the wig and let it soak for another 5 minutes. If any makeup residue is found on the wig, simply rub the spot very gently with a soft brush. Rinse with warm water to remove all of the shampoo. Then use a good quality conditioner or hair mask and leave it to act for a few minutes. Rinse again. Then wrap the wig with a clean towel to absorb as much water as possible. Place the wig in a basin and comb delicately so as to allow the hair to regain its natural form. Place the wig back in the basin and let it air dry. When it is almost dry you can use the hair dryer. You can use a straightening and curling iron only when the wig is completely dry.
 
Remember
 
Use styling products that are specifically designed for synthetic wigs that dissolve when placed in the water when you wash your wig. For extra shine and a healthier appearance of the wig, you can use a spray gloss from a distance of about 30cm.

In case of partial or total loss of hair, a patient may alternatively use scarves, hats or turbans besides using a wig.
 
Headscarves
 
Headscarves offer a practical solution, as they cover most of the head and allow women in particular to mask the effects of their treatment with style. You are given many opportunities to create different styles, both in everyday appearances as well as on a special occasion, as they are very stylish accessories. Select your scarves according to the season or your mood. To boot, choose colors and patterns that match your clothes.
 
How to wear them
 
1. The most traditional and easy way you can wear a scarf is as follows. Take a square scarf and fold it in half to create a triangle. Fold it in half again if you wish to make a smaller triangle. Place the scarf on your head with longest side being on the forehead and the shortest at the back of the head. Pull the ends behind the ears and tie them low, on the back of the head.
 
2. Take a square scarf, fold it diagonally and place it on the head with the folded end forward. The ends should be in front of the face. You can either tie the scarf under the chin, or if it is too big wrap the ends around the head once more and tie on the back of the neck or let the ends dangle freely on your back.
 
3. You will need a rectangular scarf. Place the scarf on your head, so that one end hangs farther from the other. Collect the ends of the scarf and tie them on the back of the neck. Twist the longest end of the scarf to form a "rope", which should pass along the front side of the scarf, about 2-5 cm from the forehead (over the top of the head). Continue to twist until you reach the other lower end of the scarf and tie the two ends together. The ends can be hanging loose over or behind the shoulder, or you can bring them along the back of the head and place them under the scarf so as not to be seen.
 
4. Choose a square scarf and fold it diagonally so that it looks like an upside down triangle. Depending on its size, you may need to wrap a little more the longest side of the triangle, the part that goes over the forehead. Place the longest side of the triangle on your forehead. Bring both hands behind your head and tie the two ends together. Tie the fabric hanging loose at the back of your neck in a tight knot. You can pull the fabric that is left over in the knot or wrap it around the knot and pin it to stabilize it.
 
5. Take a long, rectangular scarf and lay it on a flat surface such as a table or your bed. Fold it lengthwise in half, once or twice, depending on its size, so it looks like a big ribbon. Place it on the front of the head, bringing it behind the ears. Take the loose ends of the scarf and fasten them on the base of the neck, in a single or double knot, leaving the ends to hang freely down your back.
 
Remember
 
• If you’ve lost your hair, then silk scarves are not recommended as they can easily slip off the head.
• If you insist on silk, wrap the scarf around a cotton turban so that it stays in place.
• Cotton scarves are a very good option as they remain cool and in place.
• Wool scarves can cause itching.
 
Turban
 
Turbans are yet another way to cover and protect your head. Use a turban on the days that you feel weaker. It can be worn and washed with ease. In addition, it is not expensive and you can find beautiful designs and colors to pick from. Choose colors that flatter your skin tone and accentuate your style. To add height to the turban, try to pin on the inside of the top some padding, which will secure well. You can combine it with a scarf for an even more beautiful result. In the winter months, you can even wear your turban to sleep so as not to feel the cold.
 
Headwear
 
A hat is a great accessory to cover the loss of hair. Here too you will find many choices from which to choose. You can pick anything, from baseball caps to fedoras and berets. Try all types of hats until you find the one that suits you as a person and your style in general. During the summer months and especially during daytime, make sure you wear a hat with a brim to protect you from harmful sunrays.
 
Remember
 
Chemotherapy affects the eyes as well, making them more dry and sensitive. Thus, do not forget to wear sunglasses whenever you go out.

Most people know that the most common side effects of cancer treatment are nausea and hair loss. However more than one third of cancers being treated show complications in the oral cavity, which may affect the treatment and quality of life of the patient. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells but can also damage healthy cells, including those of the mouth, causing problems to the teeth, gums or glands that produce saliva. These problems may occur only during treatment or for a short time after its completion. The most common side effects are:
 
• Sensitivity / pain in the mouth and gums
• Dry mouth
• Burning, peeling, or swelling of the tongue
• Infection
• Change in taste
 
Your dentist may have a very important role during your treatment. By visiting him/her a month before the start of chemotherapy, you can help prevent serious mouth problems. If you have already started treatment visit the dentist as soon as possible. Side effects occur more frequently when a person's mouth is not healthy before the start of chemotherapy. Not all problems can be avoided however the fewer the side effects the better you will be at following the schedule of your cancer treatment.
 
There are however, some things that are good to know and to apply.
 
Examine your mouth every day for sores or other changes and follow these tips:
 
• Drink lots of water.
• Use gum or hard candies without sugar.
• Use a saliva substitute to moisten your mouth.
• Keep your mouth moist by adding light sauces in meals and consuming several drinks (herbal teas, fruit juices).
 
Keep your mouth, tongue and gums clean:
 
• Brush your teeth, gums and tongue with a very soft toothbrush after every meal and before bedtime. If brushing causes you pain, soften the hairs of the brush in warm water.
• Use fluoride toothpaste.
• Do not use mouthwashes with alcohol.
• Use floss daily, making gentle movements. If your gums bleed, avoid that tooth and move on to another.
 • Rinse your mouth several times a day with a solution containing ¼ teaspoon baking soda and ¼ teaspoon salt in a liter of warm water or dissolve a teaspoon of salt in 250ml water. In the end rinse with normal water.
• Dentures that do not fit correctly can cause problems. Discuss this with your doctor.
• Remove any dentures at night, clean them thoroughly with a toothbrush and toothpaste and leave until the morning in a glass with a solution containing sodium hypochlorite.
 
If your mouth is sore or you have a wound watch what you eat and drink:
 
• Choose foods that are easy to chew and swallow.
• Eat small bites, chew slowly and accompany your meals with liquids.
• Prefer soft foods such as noodles, mashed potatoes and omelettes.
• If you have trouble swallowing, soften your food with gravy, broth, yogurt, or other liquids.
- Avoid alcoholic beverages, tobacco, spicy seasoning, garlic, onion, vinegar and salt.
- Avoid foods with rough surfaces.
- Food and drinks at cool temperature can soothe a sore mouth. Try adding crushed ice to the liquids you consume or eat some ice cream.
- Warm herbal teas can be more soothing than acidic ones, such as orange and grapefruit juices.
  
. Prefer to drink liquids through a straw.
 
 
Stay away from:
 
• Crunchy foods that could cut or scrape your mouth.
• Foods that are hot, spicy or high in acidity, like citrus, spices, onion, garlic, which can irritate the mouth, as well as dessert.
• Toothpicks, because they can hurt your mouth.
• All tobacco products.
• All alcoholic beverages.

The nails are also part of the skin and can therefore be affected by chemotherapy in many ways such as displaying changes in the form of streaks, dryness, and sensitivity, becoming brittle or even changing color. The change in skin color may for example lead to the creation of discolored streaks on the nails. These symptoms are completely harmless, but nonetheless, they are still visible.
 
Remember that when you pamper your nails, you should not cut the cuticles. Finally, it is necessary to use a moisturizer every night before going to bed so that you provide your hands with some much-needed moisture. Keep in mind that there is a risk of inflammation or lymphedema after a mastectomy.
 
How your diet affects the nails
 
Nutrition plays a major role in the health and appearance of the nails. A lack of vitamin D and calcium can cause dryness. Protein, folic acid and vitamin C deficiency results in gradual peeling. Brittle nails can be the result of inadequate intake of iron and vitamin B12, which is responsible for excessive dryness and stains. A balanced, varied diet with vegetables, fruits, protein and complex carbohydrates contributes, beyond the overall good functioning and health of the whole body, to the better appearance of the nails. By enriching your diet with fruits and vegetables, you acquire essential vitamins, trace minerals and enzymes. Ensure that your diet includes broccoli, onions and natural juices, especially carrot juice, which is rich in calcium and phosphorus and helps strengthen the nails.
 
 
Proper nail care
 
Should you wish to pamper your nails on your own, follow these instructions:
 
• Put your hands for a minute in warm water, wash with soap, rinse and pat gently with a cotton towel.
• Create a slightly square or oval shape to your nails.
• Avoid filing your nails if they have bumps or brown stains.
• Push back the cuticles instead of cutting them.
• Prior to starting the painting process you need to remove all traces of hand cream or previously varnished nails. Use a cotton pad dipped in an oily remover and place it over the nail surface. Avoid using acetone or other products with acetone. If you are experiencing changes in your nails as well as nail sensitivity, avoid painting them completely.
 • Always use nail polish without formaldehyde.
• Choose nail polish in light shades. Drain the brush well and apply the color to the center of the nail with a straight stroke to the end of the nail. Do the same to the remaining two sides of the nail. Wait a few seconds before passing a second coat. The first coat of varnish will have a smaller amount of lacquer than that of the second coat.
• Wait until the varnish has dried completely and then spread over a polish, which not only adds shine but also protects nails from getting damaged and provides a longer manicure.
• Use moisturizing cream or oil to protect nails from dryness, peeling and breaking.
• Avoid hand creams with alpha hydroxy or beta hydroxy acids.
 
Remember
 
• Do not bite nails and do not pull on the cuticles around the nails.
• If you have a professional manicure, bring your own sterile tools along with you that you will have disinfected with alcohol and sterilizing solutions found at the pharmacy.
• Avoid placing artificial nails during chemotherapy.

It is appropriate at this point to mention that according to estimates by the American Cancer Society, men are 40% more likely to lose their battle with cancer than women. Why is this happening? Because men are more reluctant to turn to a doctor when the symptoms that plague them are not that intense, so when they eventually decide to visit a doctor it is too late to treat the disease. Furthermore, men are often more reluctant than women to follow a healthier lifestyle, even when they are aware that smoking or obesity are the two biggest causes of cancer. Related research suggests that it is unlikely that the male body is more vulnerable to cancer and that there is no biological reason why men are more at risk than women.
 
Facial treatment
 
Men who experience the process of chemotherapy are likely to notice changes in the appearance and feel of their skin. For example, chemo may cause dryness, itching, peeling, or irritation. Adopting some simple tips in your daily routine can help you look and feel healthier.
 
• Even if you use the same soap for years, you may need to change this product for one with a special formula for sensitive skin. A liquid cleanser that is water-based or a gentle soap will come in handy.
 
• Use warm, not hot water to open the pores and protect the surface of capillaries.
 
• During treatment, when there is a risk of bleeding and inflammation, the doctor is likely to recommend using an electric razor to avoid cuts from shaving.
 
• First heat the skin up with water or a warm towel and then rinse with cool water. Avoid alcohol, menthol and intense aromas.
 
• If you can not let go of your razor, upon discussing it with your doctor, you should consider the following: The razor must always be sharp, thoroughly washed after use and is shaken to remove water instead of wiping it.
 
• To soften hair follicles, use a shaving gel that you will leave on your face for about a minute before starting to shave.
 
• Do not rub your face with too much pressure and do not use a scrub before shaving. This may cause burns in combination with the use of the razor.
 
• To reduce stinging, let the skin "rest" from shaving before applying any other products.
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• To soothe and relieve dry skin, soak a cotton pad with a lotion without alcohol and gently apply on the face. Then, apply a small amount of moisturizer on the cheeks, forehead and chin and massage gently. If you’re experiencing any brown spots, avoid products with harsh disinfecting ingredients.
 
• Sunscreen should be used not only at sea and the mountain, but every day, especially during chemotherapy, as there is a possibility of the skin reacting to sun exposure. The most frequent sunburns detected are in the ears, the area of ​​the lips, on the neck and on the hands. Both sunscreens and other products should not be used in areas that are irradiated.
 
• Consult your doctor before using any new skincare product during treatment.
 
• Tanning should be avoided during treatment.
 
• The use of a concealer may be a foreign concept for the majority of men, however you should know that this makeup product works wonders as it covers blemishes and dark circles under the eyes. Some effects of chemotherapy can be covered using a concealer. After you select one that suits the color of your skin, place a small amount on dark spots and use your fingertips to spread it until it becomes even with your skin color. Alternatively you can use a moisturizer with color, which you can apply to the face, just as you would with any other lotion or cream.
 
 
Hair loss
 
During chemotherapy some drugs can cause temporary hair loss. There is no way to predict this undesirable side effect with absolute certainty, so it is good to be prepared beforehand.
 
Remember that you should always comb your hair gently and use a mild shampoo. As hairs begin to weaken, start to cut your hair shorter or even consider shaving your head. Besides very short, almost shaved heads are popular among the male population. This solution will also relieve you from the stress of hair loss in certain areas. In this case, remember that physicians stress the importance of attention when shaving our heads with a razor blade as it could cause cuts that are difficult to heal and can cause infection when the cell count is low.
 
Should you experience hair loss, you can always use a hat. There are many different types of hats and many styles, which make it impossible not to find one that will suit your own style. Among the jockeys, caps, hoodies or any other type of hat, it is rather easy to find something you'll love and will help protect your head. If hair loss is something that really bothers you, remember that there is also the option of acquiring a wig, however keep in mind that wigs are more evident in men.
 
Some drugs also affect the eyebrows, which may begin to get thinner. Try a transparent or colored eyebrow gel, which softens and fills the brows. You can also fill the small gaps created with an eyebrow pencil. However, once again, the drawing on of eyebrows is too obvious on men and is therefore not recommended. Instead, try to choose a pair of glasses with a wide frame, thereby defining the eyebrow area.
 
Practical advice for the body
 
As a result of treatment, you may eventually notice that the skin on your hands and feet are dry and flaking, or that your nails are brittle. If these areas begin to hurt you or they get inflamed, consult your doctor. However, there are some small tips that you can adopt. First of all, keep your feet cool, dry and clean and do not rub them too hard. Use nail clippers gently so you do not cut the skin. If you indulge in a professional manicure, do not cut the cuticles. Finally, good oral hygiene is also important during treatment. Consult your dentist for more information on dental and oral care.

Nutrition in many cases is an important factor for patients with cancer. It can be a great ally in the treatment, but also help relieve symptoms of the disease. A diet full of nutrients can improve recovery from infection or surgery, prevent the occurrence of lack of nutrients, contribute to a better quality of life and help the patient to maintain their weight. A very common phenomenon that appears in almost 50% of cancer patients is poor nutritional status, as they often experience nausea and loss of appetite, followed by bad mood and depression which leads to a reduction in food intake. A key cause of malnutrition is the difficulty of food intake because of surgery, while in some cases the energy requirements and protein needs are demandingly high.
 
Certainly, each cancer patient case, beyond the specialized treatment, needs individual dietary management. However, there are some general recommendations that can contribute to better nutrition. In this case the model of the Mediterranean diet is a dynamic tool to ensure good nutrition.
 
• Accompany your meals with foods from the food group of bread and cereals with an emphasis on whole grains, such as pasta, whole grain cereal and unrefined rice.
 
• It is also important to consume fresh fruits and vegetables, which are excellent sources of antioxidants such as vitamin C and beta-carotene.
 
• Limit your intake of red meat or minced meat to once a week and place emphasis on eating poultry, skimmed milk and fish. Precious omega-3 fatty acids of fish have strong antioxidant activity. Notably flaxseed also contains enough omega-3 fatty acids, which makes it a valuable component for the nutrition of a cancer patient.
 
• Valuable sources of antioxidants are raw nuts, olive oil and other vegetable fats like avocados. Avocado is a very good source of selenium and vitamin E components with significant antioxidant activity.
 
• Limit your salt intake. Eat foods rich in potassium such as bananas, spinach and potatoes.
 
• Do not neglect your fluid intake. Liquids are very important, especially on the days that you cannot eat regular meals. Always have a bottle of water or a fruit juice available. In some cases, liquid food substitutes can provide significant amounts of fluids, energy and protein as well as vitamins and minerals to your body.
 
 
Possible complications associated with nutrition
 
Weight loss, decreased appetite and malnutrition
 
Weight loss and malnutrition are typical complication in patients with cancer. There are some simple steps that you can gradually integrate in your daily life to improve the nutritional status of the body.
 
• Increase the number of meals during the day and not necessarily the portions. Among the main meals choose nutritious snacks such as yogurt with fruit and nuts, fruit juice, toast with wholemeal bread or 2-3 fruits and raw, unsalted nuts. One possible option is a good milkshake composed of milk, banana, pear, nuts and cinnamon, as well as a portion of homemade rice pudding.
 
• Ensure your meals include your favorite foods.
 
• If the smell of food is too intense for you, prefer to consume it cold and avoid herbs, onion and spices.
 
• As an accompaniment to every meal, integrate some potatoes, pasta or rice. They usually do not have a strong smell and can provide you with enough nutrients and energy, and the body easily absorbs them.
 
• An alternative source of protein and energy are legumes, which are good to accompany with bread or rice, as this combination is perfect to get all the essential amino acids.
 
Nausea
 
One of the symptoms of the various forms of cancer treatment is nausea. In many cases this is due to medication or chemotherapy. To reduce this symptom, you can follow some simple tips such as:
 
➢ Avoid cooking or eating when you feel unwell or experience nausea.
➢ Avoid foods with strong smells, heavy foods, fried foods and sauces.
➢ Try to eat your meals at room temperature. When they are hot they exude stronger aromas.
➢ If you drink juices, milkshakes and other drinks, prefer to use a straw.
➢ Try to have small frequent meals because large meals may increase your symptoms.
➢ Do not stay in areas where food is prepared and allow others to prepare your meals.
➢ Eat something light before chemotherapy, but not immediately after.
➢ Drink plenty of fluids, but not before eating. If vomiting is accompanied by nausea, use a straw to drink beverages.
➢ Avoid sour juices (e.g. orange or grapefruit) and prefer apple juice or tea.
 
 
If symptoms persist and you start vomiting, it is important to tell your doctor and follow some basic steps:
 
➢ To stop vomiting do not consume any food or drinks.
➢ When you feel better, consume in small quantities, liquids such as diluted fruit juices or tea without caffeine, other than water.
➢ Because of the danger of dehydration, it is advisable to consume small amounts of electrolytes with your liquid, i.e. mainly potassium and sodium. Good sources of sodium are sports drinks, soups and savory crackers, and foods rich in potassium are bananas, potatoes and dried fruit.
➢ Gradually reintegrate soft and digestible foods in your diet, such as fruit jelly, yogurt, cream and boiled vegetables.
 
 
Nutritional advice in case of dry mouth
 
• Accompany your meals with liquids.
• Add light sauces to your food.
• Avoid chocolate and sweets, which can stick to the palate.
• Sugarfree chewing gum can stimulate saliva production.
• Keep your mouth moist by chewing fresh pineapple pieces without sugar.
• Avoid acidic fruits, like orange or kiwi, as there may be wounds in the oral cavity that will sting with acidic foods.
• Avoid dry foods, such as cookies and crackers.
• Relief can be offered via ice cubes from fruit juices, which you can eat as candy.
 
 
Diarrhea
 
One of the symptoms that you may experience during treatment is diarrhea, which is often caused by drugs, food allergies, chemotherapy or other factors. Because it can have very serious complications such as electrolyte imbalances and dehydration, it is important to consult your doctor. We’ve gathered a list of small tips that can relieve your symptoms and reduce their appearance.
 
• Try to drink plenty of fluids, water, fruit juices, milk, or even soups.
• Be sure to consume liquids at room temperature, as this helps in their consumption.
• On the days that you have intense diarrhea symptoms, avoid wholegrain cereals and bread. Prefer white bread, rice or pasta, because they contain less fiber.
• Choose fruit without the peel or fruit compotes. A great option for these cases are bananas, because they contain enough potassium to help balance the body's electrolytes.
• It is important to know that eating dairy and legumes can worsen the symptoms of diarrhea.
• Eat cooked instead of raw vegetables and avoiding broccoli, cauliflower, corn and onion.
• Avoid drinking alcohol, coffee, soft drinks, sweets and fatty foods.
• Avoid unpasteurized foods, meats, raw seafood, and foods whose origin is controversial.
 
On days that you feel better and have more of an appetite, slightly increase the amount of food you eat. If you can, do gentle exercise between meals, which will improve your mood and your appetite. Keep in mind that good nutrition can be a dynamic ally in the treatment of cancer.

Exercise may be the last thing on your mind, but it can become one of your priorities and your favorite activities along the way. This is because according to recent studies, the quality of life of cancer patients can be significantly improved through physical activity. If you’re an already active person, use your physical fitness to enhance yourself, of course taking into account any problems or limitations you may experience.
 
Scientists emphasize that mild exercise should be an integral part of the treatment of people suffering from cancer. Specifically, only 2.5 hours a week of moderate intensity physical exercise, e.g. walking or swimming, can decrease the risk of dying from the disease. Research has shown that exercise at the recommended levels can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Exercise during therapy has positive effects on your mood, while reducing side effects such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, and weight changes. When we talk about exercise, we do not mean something painful, but daily activities such as gardening, a short walk or a swim in the sea - all of which are considered forms of exercise.
 
The American Association of Cancer Research refers to the potential benefits of regular exercise that should always be conducted with the consent of your physician:
• Better quality of life
• Increasing social activity and contact
• Improve psychology and self-esteem
 
In another survey conducted by a group of scientists in Hong Kong led by Dr. JWC Ho, director of the Queen Mary surgical hospital, showed that physical activity can improve - depending on the case- health and quality of life after the end of treatment. The report was based on the study of data collected from 34 studies on the effects of physical activity among adults who had been treated for breast, prostate, colon, stomach, lung and gynecological cancer. The types of physical activity studied included aerobic exercise such as walking and jogging, resistance exercises using bands and strengthening exercises with weights.
 
It was found that there was an improvement in several areas, which also resulted from the type and intensity of exercise. In patients with breast cancer, for example, better results were achieved when combining aerobic resistance exercise rather than aerobic activity alone. The study concluded that "the quality of life was a clear significant benefit of physical activity" and the findings showed that "clinically, there were significant positive effects on physical function and quality of life."
 
These studies provide further evidence that exercise can help improve the quality of life of cancer patients. But it is important to remember that there are many different types of cancer and the diagnosis can be made at any stage. Each case is different which is why the patient should seek advice from their doctor before starting an exercise program.
 
 
What you should know before starting a physical activity
 
A specialist will help you answer the following questions:
• How will exercise improve my health?
• What kind of exercise should I do?
• Are there limitations on weights or some specific exercises to avoid?
• How many times a week should I exercise?
• How long should each session be?
• How intense must the exercise last for?
• Should I do more than one type of exercise?
• Who can help me create a safe exercise program?
 
 
 
Exercise for people with cancer: What you can do
 
The case of each patient is different, so before you start an exercise program, consult your physician. The following types of exercises can help patients with cancer - and others - to improve their physical condition:
 
• Flexibility exercises (stretching) is an easy way to exercise. If you are not yet ready for more vigorous exercise, you should at least remain flexible.
 
• Aerobic exercise: brisk walking, jogging, swimming, whatever you choose, this kind of exercise improves cardiovascular function and reduces the risk of heart attacks, strokes and diabetes.
 
• Resistance exercises (weights or rubber): build muscle and are especially useful for patients who lose muscle mass but gain fat through cancer treatment.
 
Experts argue that 30'-60’ of medium to high intensity exercise, five days a week is beneficial for patients with cancer. If you were very active before the onset of the disease, do not expect to achieve the same results. The key is to place small and achievable goals and to arrive progressively to higher goals. Even if you have never exercised before, start some activity you like. What’s even better is if you find a friend to accompany you so that you have an extra incentive. Don’t ever feel let down as whatever you do is better than doing nothing. You can just add some activity into your daily routine such as:
 
• Using the stairs instead of the elevator.
• Try increasing your steps each day, even inside the house. A Pedometer might be useful for this.
• Take frequent breaks throughout the day to do some stretching exercises.
 
Only 10 minutes of exercise a day can reduce fatigue, stimulate the immune system, nourish the body, mind, heart and spirit. If you feel exhausted relax for a while and start again slowly. The level of your energy will increase in the long term. The risks for cancer survivors are not very different from those of the general population. Musculoskeletal injuries -pains, sprains- are the most common. Exercise can have a slightly higher risk of heart problems on cancer patients. Therefore it is necessary to get the approval of your oncologist before starting anything.
 
Tips for safe exercising
 
• First, talk to your doctor to give you permission to work out and advise you on what kind of exercise can work best for you. If you are undergoing chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation, there may be side effects. If you are experiencing pain and nausea, it is necessary to primarily overcome these symptoms. Ask your doctor about medications that can help before you begin an exercise program. If medicines do not provide enough relief, check out possible alternative or complementary therapies.
 
• Start slowly, with short duration exercises at different times during the day. Build strength and stamina gradually. Avoid doing too much too quickly, especially if you did not exercise in the past.
 
• If you have balancing problems, prefer swimming, stationary bike and seated exercises. Another option for you may be fitness equipment with handles.
 
• If you’ve had surgery it may take some time before you can start any physical activity. This will depend on the area of the surgical trauma and how the treatment progresses. Ask your doctor before starting anything.
 
• If you are prone to infections, you may want to avoid gyms or other public places. However, if you choose this option, it is advisable to wash your hands often and always use your own towel, mattress, etc. Use an antibacterial spray to clean your equipment before and after use.
 
During the exercise follow these tips for greater security:
 
• Be sure to breathe properly so as not to cause changes in your blood pressure. You should exhale when the muscles work and inhale  when they relax. For example, exhale when lifting something and inhale when you stop.
 
• Use the necessary equipment that will keep you safe, such as a helmet for riding a bike or the right shoes for walking or a cane for balance.
 
• Ensure you drink plenty of water when doing activities that cause sweating, unless the doctor has asked you to limit your fluid intake. Minimize the consumption of dehydrating beverages like coffee and consume more water to offset their effects.
 
Physical activity can help, but only if it is done in a manner appropriate for your condition:
 
• Avoid strenuous exercise if your platelet levels are low and there is a risk for infection, anemia and/or bleeding. Your doctor will advise you about this and whether it is safe to exercise.
 
• If you have pronounced signs of vomiting or diarrhea, it may mean that you have low levels of certain minerals in your blood, such as sodium and potassium. Ask your doctor about the effects of physical activity.
 
• Avoid exercises associated with uneven surfaces or removing excess weights as they could lead to a fall and injury. Fitness instruments with handles can help you balance better.
 
• If the disease or medication that follows affects the lungs or your heart, ask your doctor before starting any exercise program. Inform him about any problems such as swollen ankles, unexplained weight gain or heavy breathing while you are at rest or after you do a light exercise.
 
• Observe the risk of bleeding if you are taking anticoagulants. Avoid falling and getting injured. If you notice swelling, pain, dizziness or blurred vision, call your doctor.
 
The physical activity that you involve yourself with may make you feel a little discomfort, but in no case should it make you feel tired or in pain. The goal is to feel better, less tired or depressed and with more energy.
 
 
After treatment
 
Ideally, after cancer, patients should combine aerobic exercise with weights. Both types of exercise are important for overall health and wellness. Related studies show that an aerobic exercise program, lasting 12 to 16 weeks, which is either in the gym, at home or in nature and is based on walking, can have the following results:
 
• Improved fitness
• Maintenance of weight and increased fat loss
• Increased muscle mass
• Reduction of fatigue
• Improved mood
• Improved overall quality of life
 
Most patients who have completed treatment can slowly and gradually start to increase the intensity and frequency of exercising. Those who were active before the diagnosis of cancer should start exercising at a lower intensity than before their diagnosis.
 
Children and adolescents should follow moderate to vigorous exercise for at least 60 minutes a day, at least five days a week.

The diagnosis of cancer can turn a person’s life upside down as they come face to face with a new reality. Initially it comes as a shock not only for the patient, but for their family as well. As time passes, it manifests a sequence of conflicting emotions, focusing on anxiety, depression, frustration, loss of self-esteem, a sense of isolation and fear for the future. This period is very stressful and causes a significant psychological burden to the patient. Each patient however reacts differently to the diagnosis of the disease, to cancer treatment and to the new chapter in their life that follows. The reaction is highly dependent on each individual’s personality and their ability to adapt to life’s difficulties.
 
The evolution of the psychological condition of the patient typically follows these stages, although it is understood that not all patients pass each stage and the order may not always be the same.
 

1. Denial of reality, as the patient denies their diagnosis and the symptoms of the disease, etc. Along the way, while some patients are taken aback, others are quick to settle their obligations concerning family, work, etc.

2. Expressions of anger against the state they are in, against their doctors, and revealing concerns about the existence of God. Anger is a normal reaction and in a sense it helps to overcome grief. However, anger exhausts a patient of mental strength, which is necessary for the acceptance of the disease and their adaptation to a more productive life.
 
3. Negotiation in the form of ensuring to find the best possible treatment for their condition.
 
4. Depression, which occurs when the disease has not been addressed adequately, and which is accompanied by disinterest in most activities.
 
5. Acceptance of the situation, after the experience of diagnosis, treatments, relapses, etc., as the patient tries to come to terms with the disease.
 
The patient is confronted with the consequences of the disease through their appearance, in their relationships and in their perception of life. It is important to come to grips with the symptoms of the disease, the requirements of the treatment, the need to undertake as many activities in daily life as possible and most importantly, learning to live with the disease.
 
The already burdened mental state of the patient may worsen by the impact of the anti-cancer treatments that they undergo, which may also affect their self-esteem. Sometimes the side effects, including the possibility of hair loss, can be more frightening than the very process of chemotherapy, as patients feel vulnerable and powerless. Especially for women, hair loss, often accompanied by the loss of the eyebrows and eyelashes, is a blow to their femininity.
 
One of the strangest feelings that may occur to a patient and their relatives is guilt due to wrong living habits that may have lead to the disease, a neglect of preventive examinations or because they feel guilty for its effects on family and friends.
 
The will of the patient to fight can be severely compromised by negative emotions, which, if untreated, create a sense of impotence in the patient which could lead to them giving up. The acceptance of their new reality and the need to adapt to the new circumstances is critical for the physical and mental balance of the patient. The psychotherapeutic supportive help is critical and essential for the patient to cope with the painful, agonizing and difficult period they experience.
 
Psychological support and aid is intended to help the person suffering to adapt as best they can to their new body image, their new way of life and to create new opportunities to restore quality and meaning in their life. Support groups are ideal as they provide significant positive contributions to patients seeing as they bring the patient in contact with other individuals suffering from the same form of cancer and who may have undergone the same treatment.
 
Only through integrated bio psychosocial treatment can you successfully tackle cancer, regardless of the type and stage of the disease.